C++:将指针转换为 int 然后再转换回指针是否安全

问题描述

将指针转换为 int 然后再转换回指针是否安全?

Is it safe to cast pointer to int and later back to pointer again?

如果我们知道指针是 32 位长，int 是 32 位长呢?

How about if we know if the pointer is 32 bit long and int is 32 bit long?

long* juggle(long* p) {
    static_assert(sizeof(long*) == sizeof(int));
    int v = reinterpret_cast<int>(p); // or if sizeof(*)==8 choose long here
    do_some_math(v); // prevent compiler from optimizing
    return reinterpret_cast<long*>(v);
}

int main() {
    long* stuff = new long(42);
    long* ffuts = juggle(stuff); 
    std::cout << "Is this always 42? " << *ffuts << std::endl;
}

这是否包含在标准中?

推荐答案

没有

例如，在 x86-64 上，一个指针是 64 位长，但 int 只有 32 位长.将指针转换为 int 并再次返回会使指针值的高 32 位丢失.

For instance, on x86-64, a pointer is 64-bit long, but int is only 32-bit long. Casting a pointer to int and back again makes the upper 32-bit of the pointer value lost.

如果你想要一个保证与指针一样长的整数类型，你可以在 中使用 intptr_t 类型.您可以安全地从指向 intptr_t 的指针重新解释转换并返回.

You may use the intptr_t type in <cstdint> if you want an integer type which is guaranteed to be as long as the pointer. You could safely reinterpret_cast from a pointer to an intptr_t and back.

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