我在 Java (1.8) 中使用 Selenium 和 Chromedriver 来做一些自动网络爬取:
I am using Selenium with Chromedriver in Java (1.8) to do some automated web crawling:
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("someurl.com");
我正在尝试迁移到 Ubuntu 16.04 服务器.在服务器上,我安装了 Ubuntu chromedriver 2.37 版、chrome 65 版.根据 chromedriver 文档,这些版本是兼容的.我已经更改了指定 Ubuntu 中 chromedriver 位置的代码:
I am attempting to migrate to an Ubuntu 16.04 Server. On the server I have installed the Ubuntu chromedriver version 2.37, chrome version 65. According to the chromedriver documentation these versions are compatible. I have changed the code specifying the location of the chromedriver in Ubuntu:
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/usr/lib/local/chromedriver");
在运行我的程序之前,我启动了 xvfb:
Prior to running my program I start up xvfb:
Xvfb -ac :99 -screen 0 1280x1024x16 &
export DISPLAY=:99
然后执行我的程序:
java -jar myprogram.jar
以下内容打印到控制台:
The following is printed to the console:
Starting ChromeDriver 2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7) on port 10574
Only local connections are allowed.
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7),platform=Linux 4.4.0-112-generic x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 60.35 seconds
Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:33:15.31Z'
System info: host: 'ubuntu-s-1vcpu-1gb-nyc1-01', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-112-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_151'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$new$0(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:53)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$getResponseFunction$2(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:91)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.lambda$createSession$0(ProtocolHandshake.java:123)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
at java.util.Spliterators$ArraySpliterator.tryAdvance(Spliterators.java:958)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:126)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:498)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:485)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:152)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:464)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:126)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:73)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:136)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:545)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:209)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:132)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:181)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:168)
at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:123)
at RHio.Test.main(Test.java:39)
这个错误确实让我们知道发生了什么错误:
The error does gives us some idea about whats wrong happening :
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
当您尝试在 Ubuntu Server headless 上启动 Chromedriver 和 Chrome 时,您必须通过几个选项如下:
As you are trying to initiate Chromedriver and Chrome on Ubuntu Server headless you have to pass a couple of Options as follows :
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless")
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument("disable-infobars")
options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver')
driver.get('http://google.com/')
driver.quit()
根据强制性要求和#1341 确保以下内容:
/usr/local/bin/
/usr/bin/google-chrome
/usr/local/bin/
/usr/bin/google-chrome
沙盒的故事强>
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