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        在 Ubuntu Server 上无头运行 Chromedriver

        时间:2023-09-28

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                  本文介绍了在 Ubuntu Server 上无头运行 Chromedriver的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

                  问题描述

                  我在 Java (1.8) 中使用 Selenium 和 Chromedriver 来做一些自动网络爬取:

                  I am using Selenium with Chromedriver in Java (1.8) to do some automated web crawling:

                  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "chromedriver.exe");
                  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
                  driver.get("someurl.com");
                  

                  我正在尝试迁移到 Ubuntu 16.04 服务器.在服务器上,我安装了 Ubuntu chromedriver 2.37 版、chrome 65 版.根据 chromedriver 文档,这些版本是兼容的.我已经更改了指定 Ubuntu 中 chromedriver 位置的代码:

                  I am attempting to migrate to an Ubuntu 16.04 Server. On the server I have installed the Ubuntu chromedriver version 2.37, chrome version 65. According to the chromedriver documentation these versions are compatible. I have changed the code specifying the location of the chromedriver in Ubuntu:

                  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/usr/lib/local/chromedriver");
                  

                  在运行我的程序之前,我启动了 xvfb:

                  Prior to running my program I start up xvfb:

                  Xvfb -ac :99 -screen 0 1280x1024x16 &
                  export DISPLAY=:99
                  

                  然后执行我的程序:

                  java -jar myprogram.jar
                  

                  以下内容打印到控制台:

                  The following is printed to the console:

                  Starting ChromeDriver 2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7) on port 10574
                  Only local connections are allowed.
                  Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
                    (Driver info: chromedriver=2.37.544315 (730aa6a5fdba159ac9f4c1e8cbc59bf1b5ce12b7),platform=Linux 4.4.0-112-generic x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
                  Command duration or timeout: 60.35 seconds
                  Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:33:15.31Z'
                  System info: host: 'ubuntu-s-1vcpu-1gb-nyc1-01', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-112-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_151'
                  Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
                          at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
                          at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
                          at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
                          at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$new$0(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:53)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.JsonWireProtocolResponse.lambda$getResponseFunction$2(JsonWireProtocolResponse.java:91)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.lambda$createSession$0(ProtocolHandshake.java:123)
                          at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
                          at java.util.Spliterators$ArraySpliterator.tryAdvance(Spliterators.java:958)
                          at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.forEachWithCancel(ReferencePipeline.java:126)
                          at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyIntoWithCancel(AbstractPipeline.java:498)
                          at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:485)
                          at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
                          at java.util.stream.FindOps$FindOp.evaluateSequential(FindOps.java:152)
                          at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
                          at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.findFirst(ReferencePipeline.java:464)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:126)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.createSession(ProtocolHandshake.java:73)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:136)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:545)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:209)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.<init>(RemoteWebDriver.java:132)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:181)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:168)
                          at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:123)
                          at RHio.Test.main(Test.java:39)
                  

                  推荐答案

                  这个错误确实让我们知道发生了什么错误:

                  The error does gives us some idea about whats wrong happening :

                  Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
                  

                  当您尝试在 Ubuntu Server headless 上启动 ChromedriverChrome 时,您必须通过几个选项如下:

                  As you are trying to initiate Chromedriver and Chrome on Ubuntu Server headless you have to pass a couple of Options as follows :

                  from selenium import webdriver
                  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
                  
                  options = Options()
                  options.add_argument("--headless")
                  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
                  options.add_argument("start-maximized")
                  options.add_argument("disable-infobars")
                  options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
                  driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options, executable_path='/path/to/chromedriver')
                  driver.get('http://google.com/')
                  driver.quit()
                  

                  附加说明

                  根据强制性要求和#1341 确保以下内容:

                  • Chromedriver/usr/local/bin/
                  • Chrome 浏览器/usr/bin/google-chrome
                  • Chromedriver is within /usr/local/bin/
                  • Chrome Browser is within /usr/bin/google-chrome

                  沙盒的故事

                  这篇关于在 Ubuntu Server 上无头运行 Chromedriver的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持html5模板网!

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