如何使用 JUnit Test 注释断言我的异常消息?

问题描述

我已经编写了一些带有 @Test 注释的 JUnit 测试.如果我的测试方法抛出一个已检查的异常，并且如果我想将消息与异常一起断言，有没有办法使用 JUnit @Test 注释来做到这一点?AFAIK，JUnit 4.7 不提供此功能，但是否有任何未来版本提供它?我知道在.NET 中你可以断言消息和异常类.在 Java 世界中寻找类似的功能.

I have written a few JUnit tests with @Test annotation. If my test method throws a checked exception and if I want to assert the message along with the exception, is there a way to do so with JUnit @Test annotation? AFAIK, JUnit 4.7 doesn't provide this feature but does any future versions provide it? I know in .NET you can assert the message and the exception class. Looking for similar feature in the Java world.

这就是我想要的:

@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}

推荐答案

你可以使用 @Rule 注释与 ExpectedException，像这样:

You could use the @Rule annotation with ExpectedException, like this:

@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();

@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
    expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
    expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");

    // do something that should throw the exception...
    System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
    throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}

请注意，ExpectedException 文档中的示例(当前)是错误的 - 没有公共构造函数，因此您必须使用 ExpectedException.none().

Note that the example in the ExpectedException docs is (currently) wrong - there's no public constructor, so you have to use ExpectedException.none().

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