在 VSCode 中使用 MSVS 编译器构建 OpenCV 应用程序

问题描述

我正在尝试在 VSCode 中构建我的 C++ 项目.但是，我遇到 OpenCV 的链接问题错误 LNK2001:未解析的外部符号".我已经构建了与 vcpkg 一起使用的所有库.

I'm trying to build my C++ project in VSCode. However, I'm experiencing link issues with OpenCV "error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol". I've build all the libraries I use with vcpkg.

我使用这个 .bat 文件构建:

I build using this .bat file:

@echo off
if exist "C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019BuildToolsVCAuxiliaryBuildvcvarsall.bat" (
    call "C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019BuildToolsVCAuxiliaryBuildvcvarsall.bat" x64
) else (
    call "C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019CommunityVCAuxiliaryBuildvcvarsall.bat" x64
)
set compilerflags=/Od /Zi /EHsc /std:c++latest /I include /I C:includesvcpkginstalledx64-windowsinclude
set linkerflags=/OUT:binmain.exe
cl.exe %compilerflags% src*.cpp /link %linkerflags% /LIBPATH:C:includesvcpkginstalledx64-windowslib
del bin*.ilk *.obj *.pdb

我的 tasks.json 文件是:

My tasks.json file is:

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "Build C++ project",
            "type": "shell",
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "command": ".\build.bat"
        },
        {
            "label": "Build & run C++ project",
            "type": "shell",
            "group": {
                "kind": "test",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "command": ".\build.bat && .\bin\main.exe"
        }
    ]
}

我的launch.json文件是:

My launch.json file is:

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C++ Debug (Windows)",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/main.exe",
            "preLaunchTask": "Build C++ project",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
        }
    ]
}

最后我的 settings.json 文件是:

and finally my settings.json file is:

{
    "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "cmd.exe"
}

我似乎找不到任何关于如何使用 MSVS 编译器将 vcpkg 库与 VSCode 正确链接的文档.我真的很感激一些帮助.

I can't seem to find any documentation on how to properly link vcpkg libraries with VSCode using the MSVS compiler. I would really appreciate some help.

推荐答案

我最近在 Windows 10 上安装了 OpenCV 4.3.0 (64bits) 并且不得不配置一个工作区在 Visual Studio Code (VSC) 中构建一个简单的应用程序.

I recently installed OpenCV 4.3.0 (64bits) on Windows 10 and had to configure a workspace in Visual Studio Code (VSC) to build a simple application.

以下配置使用 cl.exe 的 x64 版本，这是 Microsoft Visual Studio 2019(社区版)附带的 C/C++ 编译器来构建 OpenCV 应用程序.

The following configuration uses the x64 version of cl.exe, the C/C++ compiler that ships with Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 (Community Edition) to build the OpenCV application.

请注意在此 tasks.json 文件中定义的路径，因为它们在您的系统中可能会有所不同:

Pay attention to the paths defined on this tasks.json file because they might be different in your system:

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "windows": {
        "options": {
            "shell": {
                "executable": "C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe",
                "args": [ "/d", "/c" ]
            }
        },
        "isShellCommand": true,
        "showOutput": "always",
        "echoCommand": true,
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build_vs2019",
            "type": "shell",    
            "windows": {
                "command": "call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat" && cl.exe",
                "args": [
                    "/Zi",
                    "/EHsc",
                    "/Fe:",
                    "${fileDirname}\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                    "${file}",
                    "-I", "C:\opencv\build\include",
                    "/link", "/libpath:C:\opencv\build\x64\vc15\lib", "opencv_world430.lib"
                ],              
                "problemMatcher": [ "$msCompile" ],
            },
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "run",
            "type": "shell",
            "dependsOn": [ "build_vs2019" ],
            "windows": {
                "command": "${fileDirname}\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "args": [ "superDark.jpg" ],
                "options": {
                    "env": {
                        "PATH": "C:\opencv\build\x64\vc15\bin"
                    }
                }
            },  
            "presentation": {               
                "reveal": "silent",
                "clear": true,
                "showReuseMessage": false,
            }
        }
    ]
}

必须使用此配置来替换工作区中的配置.尝试运行任务时，它将为您提供两个选项供您选择:

This configuration must be used to replace the one in your workspace. It will give you two options to select from when attempting to run tasks:

• build_vs2019:将shell定义为cmd.exe并执行vcvars64.bat来设置环境变量和路径，让您使用 cl.exe 的 x64 版本.它还指定了构建基于 OpenCV 的应用程序所需的头文件和所需的库.此选项构建应用程序.

• build_vs2019: defines the shell as cmd.exe and executes vcvars64.bat to setup the environment variables and paths that let you use the x64 version of cl.exe. It also specifies the headers and required libraries to build an OpenCV-based application. This option builds the application.

run:取决于上一个任务的成功，在 cmd 行上运行 OpenCV 应用程序.它调整 PATH 环境变量以指向 OpenCV DLLs 目录.此选项执行应用程序.

run: depends on the success of the previous task to run the OpenCV application on the cmd-line. It adjusts the PATH environment variable to point to OpenCV DLLs directory. This option executes the application.

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