如何在 Visual Studio Code 中包含编译器标志?

问题描述

我有一个程序，我试图在使用 fftw 函数的 Visual Studio Code 调试器中运行该程序.它用命令编译

I have a program that I am trying to run in the Visual Studio Code debugger that uses fftw functions. It compiles with the command

g++ dimer.cpp -std=c++11 -lfftw3 

在我电脑上的终端上，没有抱怨未定义的引用.但是，在生成 launch.json 文件后，我的程序会抱怨 fftw 库函数和 -std=c++14 编译器标志.

on the terminal on my computer without complaining about undefined references. However, after generating a launch.json file, my program complains about fftw library functions and about the -std=c++14 compiler flag.

我相信它只需要 -std=c++11 和 -lfftw3 的额外标志使 Visual Studio Code 中的调试器正常工作.我正在使用 Microsoft 的 C/C++ 扩展和 Code Runner 扩展.

I believe that it needs just the extra flags of -std=c++11 and -lfftw3 for the debugger in Visual Studio Code to work. I am using Microsoft's C/C++ extension and the Code Runner extension.

我正在尝试将 Mathematica 代码文档转换为 C++.

I am trying to transform a Mathematica document of code into c++.

以下是我从输出中得到的错误.

Below are the errors I get from the output.

Executing task: /usr/bin/g++ -g /home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp -o /home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer <

In file included from /usr/include/armadillo:54:0,
             from /home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:6:
/usr/include/armadillo_bits/compiler_setup.hpp:530:108: note: #pragma message: NOTE: suggest to enable C++14 mode for faster code; add -std=c++14 to compiler flags
 #pragma message ("NOTE: suggest to enable C++14 mode for faster code; add -std=c++14 to compiler flags")
                                                                                                        ^
/tmp/ccgb7Xsv.o: In function `r2r_dsine_fftw_forward_dimer(int, double*, double*, Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2> (&) [2048], Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2> (&) [2048])':
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:99: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:100: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:101: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:102: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:103: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:104: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:105: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:106: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/tmp/ccgb7Xsv.o: In function `r2r_dsine_fftw_backward_dimer(int, double*, double*, Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2> (&) [2048], Eigen::Matrix<double, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2> (&) [2048])':
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:166: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:167: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:168: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:169: undefined reference to `fftw_plan_r2r_1d'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:170: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:171: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:172: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
/home/msammartino/Documents/twochain/dimer.cpp:173: undefined reference to `fftw_execute'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The terminal process terminated with exit code: 1

Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it.

如果我提出这个问题的方式有任何问题，请告诉我.

Please let me know about any problems with the way I have asked this question.

推荐答案

简单的选择是 在 tasks.json 配置中将它们作为 args 传递:

The easy option is to pass them as args in your tasks.json configuration:

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "build-all",
      "type": "shell",
      "args": [
          "-std=c++11",
          "-lfftw3",
          "-L",
          "/path/to/libs",
          "/path/to/file.cpp"
      ],
      "command": "g++",
    }
  ]
}

更易于维护和共享的选项是创建一个 Makefile 并将它们全部设置在那里:

The more maintainable, shareable option is to create a Makefile and set them all there:

# Specify compiler to be used
CXX = g++
CXXFLAGS += -g -std=c++11 -fPIC -march=x86-64

# Specify paths to headers
INCLUDES += -I include

# Specify paths to the libraries
LDFLAGS  += -L /path/to/libs

# Specify the link libraries
LLIBS    += -lfftw3

# ... add other configs ...

$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/%.cpp $(OBJ_DIR)
    $(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< -o $@

$(OBJ_DIR)/$(PROGRAM): $(OBJS)
    $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LLIBS) -o $@

然后在您的任务配置中，只需调用make:

Then in your task configuration, just call make:

{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "label": "build-all",
      "type": "shell",
      "options": {
          "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
          "env": {
            ...
          }
      },
      "command": "make -f Makefile.x86_64",
    }
  ]
}

如果你有依赖于 env 的路径，你可以在你的 Makefile 中指定一个变量(例如 MY_LIBS)，然后在任务配置的 env 块中设置它们(例如，MY_LIBS":/path/to/libs").

If you have env-dependent paths, you can specify a variable in your Makefile (ex. MY_LIBS) and then set them in the env block of the task configuration (ex. "MY_LIBS": "/path/to/libs").

Makefile 选项的优点在于:

The advantage of the Makefile option is that:

• 不使用 VS Code 的人仍然可以编译您的代码(从控制台或其他 IDE).
• 如果您使用的是 CI/CD 管道，则不需要单独的配置.您可以使用相同的 Makefile 使用 VS Code 在本地进行构建，也可以使用 CI/CD 进行构建.
• 您可以将 Makefile 提交到存储库，然后只需在本地 tasks.json 配置中使用环境变量来指定特定于环境的设置.

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