在 Python 中将字符串转换为枚举

问题描述

我想知道将字符串转换(反序列化)为 Python 的 Enum 类的正确方法是什么.似乎 getattr(YourEnumType, str) 可以完成这项工作，但我不确定它是否足够安全.

I wonder what's the correct way of converting (deserializing) a string to a Python's Enum class. Seems like getattr(YourEnumType, str) does the job, but I'm not sure if it's safe enough.

更具体地说，我想将 'debug' 字符串转换为 Enum 对象，如下所示:

Just to be more specific, I would like to convert a 'debug'string to an Enum object like this:

class BuildType(Enum):
    debug = 200
    release = 400

推荐答案

此功能已内置于 Enum [1]:

This functionality is already built in to Enum [1]:

>>> from enum import Enum
>>> class Build(Enum):
...   debug = 200
...   build = 400
... 
>>> Build['debug']
<Build.debug: 200>

成员名称区分大小写，因此如果正在转换用户输入，您需要确保大小写匹配:

The member names are case sensitive, so if user-input is being converted you need to make sure case matches:

an_enum = input('Which type of build?')
build_type = Build[an_enum.lower()]

[1] 官方文档:枚举编程访问

[1] Official docs: Enum programmatic access

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