在 Django 中复制模型实例及其相关对象/用于递归

问题描述

我有 Books、Chapters 和 Pages 的模型.它们都是由 User 编写的:

I've models for Books, Chapters and Pages. They are all written by a User:

from django.db import models

class Book(models.Model)
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')

class Chapter(models.Model)
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book)

class Page(models.Model)
    author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
    book = models.ForeignKey(Book)
    chapter = models.ForeignKey(Chapter)

我想做的是复制现有的 Book 并将它的 User 更新给其他人.皱纹是我还想将所有相关的模型实例复制到 Book - 所有的 Chapters 和 Pages 也是如此！

What I'd like to do is duplicate an existing Book and update it's User to someone else. The wrinkle is I would also like to duplicate all related model instances to the Book - all it's Chapters and Pages as well!

当查看 Page 时，事情变得非常棘手 - 新的 Pages 不仅需要更新其 author 字段，而且它们会还需要指向新的Chapter对象！

Things get really tricky when look at a Page - not only will the new Pages need to have their author field updated but they will also need to point to the new Chapter objects!

Django 支持开箱即用的方式吗?复制模型的通用算法是什么样的?

Does Django support an out of the box way of doing this? What would a generic algorithm for duplicating a model look like?

干杯，

约翰

更新:

上面给出的类只是说明我遇到的问题的一个例子！

The classes given above are just an example to illustrate the problem I'm having!

推荐答案

这不再适用于 Django 1.3，因为 CollectedObjects 已被删除.请参阅 变更集 14507

This no longer works in Django 1.3 as CollectedObjects was removed. See changeset 14507

我在 Django Snippets 上发布了我的解决方案. 它主要基于 django.db.models.query.CollectedObject 用于删除对象的代码:

I posted my solution on Django Snippets. It's based heavily on the django.db.models.query.CollectedObject code used for deleting objects:

from django.db.models.query import CollectedObjects
from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignKey

def duplicate(obj, value, field):
    """
    Duplicate all related objects of `obj` setting
    `field` to `value`. If one of the duplicate
    objects has an FK to another duplicate object
    update that as well. Return the duplicate copy
    of `obj`.  
    """
    collected_objs = CollectedObjects()
    obj._collect_sub_objects(collected_objs)
    related_models = collected_objs.keys()
    root_obj = None
    # Traverse the related models in reverse deletion order.    
    for model in reversed(related_models):
        # Find all FKs on `model` that point to a `related_model`.
        fks = []
        for f in model._meta.fields:
            if isinstance(f, ForeignKey) and f.rel.to in related_models:
                fks.append(f)
        # Replace each `sub_obj` with a duplicate.
        sub_obj = collected_objs[model]
        for pk_val, obj in sub_obj.iteritems():
            for fk in fks:
                fk_value = getattr(obj, "%s_id" % fk.name)
                # If this FK has been duplicated then point to the duplicate.
                if fk_value in collected_objs[fk.rel.to]:
                    dupe_obj = collected_objs[fk.rel.to][fk_value]
                    setattr(obj, fk.name, dupe_obj)
            # Duplicate the object and save it.
            obj.id = None
            setattr(obj, field, value)
            obj.save()
            if root_obj is None:
                root_obj = obj
    return root_obj

对于 django >= 2 应该有一些微小的变化.所以输出会是这样的:

For django >= 2 there should be some minimal changes. so the output will be like this:

def duplicate(obj, value=None, field=None, duplicate_order=None):
    """
    Duplicate all related objects of obj setting
    field to value. If one of the duplicate
    objects has an FK to another duplicate object
    update that as well. Return the duplicate copy
    of obj.
    duplicate_order is a list of models which specify how
    the duplicate objects are saved. For complex objects
    this can matter. Check to save if objects are being
    saved correctly and if not just pass in related objects
    in the order that they should be saved.
    """
    from django.db.models.deletion import Collector
    from django.db.models.fields.related import ForeignKey

    collector = Collector(using='default')
    collector.collect([obj])
    collector.sort()
    related_models = collector.data.keys()
    data_snapshot = {}
    for key in collector.data.keys():
        data_snapshot.update(
            {key: dict(zip([item.pk for item in collector.data[key]], [item for item in collector.data[key]]))})
    root_obj = None

    # Sometimes it's good enough just to save in reverse deletion order.
    if duplicate_order is None:
        duplicate_order = reversed(related_models)

    for model in duplicate_order:
        # Find all FKs on model that point to a related_model.
        fks = []
        for f in model._meta.fields:
            if isinstance(f, ForeignKey) and f.remote_field.related_model in related_models:
                fks.append(f)
        # Replace each `sub_obj` with a duplicate.
        if model not in collector.data:
            continue
        sub_objects = collector.data[model]
        for obj in sub_objects:
            for fk in fks:
                fk_value = getattr(obj, "%s_id" % fk.name)
                # If this FK has been duplicated then point to the duplicate.
                fk_rel_to = data_snapshot[fk.remote_field.related_model]
                if fk_value in fk_rel_to:
                    dupe_obj = fk_rel_to[fk_value]
                    setattr(obj, fk.name, dupe_obj)
            # Duplicate the object and save it.
            obj.id = None
            if field is not None:
                setattr(obj, field, value)
            obj.save()
            if root_obj is None:
                root_obj = obj
    return root_obj

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