在同一列上使用多个 WHERE 条件进行选择

问题描述

好吧，我想我可能在这里忽略了一些明显/简单的东西...但我需要编写一个查询，该查询仅返回与同一列上的多个条件匹配的记录...

Ok, I think I might be overlooking something obvious/simple here... but I need to write a query that returns only records that match multiple criteria on the same column...

我的表是一个非常简单的链接设置，用于将标志应用到用户......

My table is a very simple linking setup for applying flags to a user ...

ID   contactid  flag        flag_type 
-----------------------------------
118  99         Volunteer   1 
119  99         Uploaded    2 
120  100        Via Import  3 
121  100        Volunteer   1  
122  100        Uploaded    2

等...在这种情况下，您会看到联系人 99 和 100 都被标记为志愿者"和已上传"...

etc... in this case you'll see both contact 99 and 100 are flagged as both "Volunteer" and "Uploaded"...

我需要能够做的是仅返回那些与通过搜索表单输入的多个条件匹配的 contactid...contactid 必须匹配所有选择的标志...在我的脑海中，SQL 应该类似于:

What I need to be able to do is return those contactid's ONLY that match multiple criteria entered via a search form...the contactid's have to match ALL chosen flags... in my head the SQL should look something like:

SELECT contactid 
 WHERE flag = 'Volunteer' 
   AND flag = 'Uploaded'...

但是……什么也没有返回……我在这里做错了什么?

but... that returns nothing... What am I doing wrong here?

推荐答案

你可以使用 GROUP BY 和 HAVING COUNT(*) = _:

SELECT contact_id
FROM your_table
WHERE flag IN ('Volunteer', 'Uploaded', ...)
GROUP BY contact_id
HAVING COUNT(*) = 2 -- // must match number in the WHERE flag IN (...) list

(假设 contact_id, flag 是唯一的).

(assuming contact_id, flag is unique).

或者使用连接:

SELECT T1.contact_id
FROM your_table T1
JOIN your_table T2 ON T1.contact_id = T2.contact_id AND T2.flag = 'Uploaded'
-- // more joins if necessary
WHERE T1.flag = 'Volunteer'

如果标志列表很长并且有很多匹配项，第一个可能会更快.如果标志列表很短并且匹配项很少，您可能会发现第二个更快.如果性能是一个问题，请尝试对您的数据进行测试，看看哪个效果最好.

If the list of flags is very long and there are lots of matches the first is probably faster. If the list of flags is short and there are few matches, you will probably find that the second is faster. If performance is a concern try testing both on your data to see which works best.

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