json.net:为字典键指定转换器

问题描述

我有一个 JSON:

{ 
    "data": { "A": 5, "B": 6 }, 
    "foo": "foo", 
    "bar": "bar" 
}

我需要将数据反序列化成一个类:

I need to deserialize data into a class:

public Dictionary<MyEnum, int> Data { get; set; }
public string Foo { get; set; }
public string Bar { get; set; }

但 MyEnum 的值是 CodeA 和 CodeB 而不是分别简单的 A 和 B.

But MyEnum values are CodeA, and CodeB instead of simply A and B respectively.

我有一个可以处理转换的自定义转换器.但是如何指定 JsonConverter 与 Dictionary 键一起使用?

I have a custom Converter that can handle conversion. But how do I specify a JsonConverter to use with Dictionary keys?

推荐答案

我认为唯一的方法是为整个 Dictionary 类型或 Dictionary<我的枚举，T>.

I believe the only way is to make a JsonConverter for the whole Dictionary<MyEnum, int> type, or Dictionary<MyEnum, T>.

字典键不被视为值，不会通过 JsonConverters 运行.TypeConverters 本来是一个解决方案，但是在查看 TypeConverters 之前，将输入默认字符串到枚举转换.

Dictionary keys are not regarded as values and will not be run through the JsonConverters. TypeConverters would have been a solution, but the default string to enum conversion will enter before it looks at the TypeConverters.

所以...我认为没有其他方法可以做到.

So... I don't think it can be done any other way.

未完全测试，但我在我的项目中使用了类似的东西:

Not fully tested, but I use something like this in a project of mine:

public class DictionaryWithSpecialEnumKeyConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override bool CanWrite
    {
        get { return false; }
    }

    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }

    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
            return null;

        var valueType = objectType.GetGenericArguments()[1];
        var intermediateDictionaryType = typeof(Dictionary<,>).MakeGenericType(typeof(string), valueType);
        var intermediateDictionary = (IDictionary)Activator.CreateInstance(intermediateDictionaryType);
        serializer.Populate(reader, intermediateDictionary);

        var finalDictionary = (IDictionary)Activator.CreateInstance(objectType);
        foreach (DictionaryEntry pair in intermediateDictionary)
            finalDictionary.Add(Enum.Parse(MyEnum, "Code" + pair.Key, false), pair.Value);

        return finalDictionary;
    }

    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        return objectType.IsA(typeof(IDictionary<,>)) &&
               objectType.GetGenericArguments()[0].IsA<MyEnum>();
    }
}

你需要这个小帮手:

    public static bool IsA(this Type type, Type typeToBe)
    {
        if (!typeToBe.IsGenericTypeDefinition)
            return typeToBe.IsAssignableFrom(type);

        var toCheckTypes = new List<Type> { type };
        if (typeToBe.IsInterface)
            toCheckTypes.AddRange(type.GetInterfaces());

        var basedOn = type;
        while (basedOn.BaseType != null)
        {
            toCheckTypes.Add(basedOn.BaseType);
            basedOn = basedOn.BaseType;
        }

        return toCheckTypes.Any(x => x.IsGenericType && x.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeToBe);
    }

希望对你有用.

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