如何在 json 反序列化期间忽略未知的枚举值?

问题描述

当我的枚举与 json 属性中提供的字符串值不匹配时，如何让 Json.net 不出错?

How can I get Json.net not to throw up when my enum doesn't match string value provided in the json property?

当我根据当前文档创建枚举时会发生这种情况，但第三方 API 稍后会添加更多枚举值.

This happens when I create enum based on current documentation, but the third party API adds more enum values later.

我很乐意将特殊值标记为 Unknown 或使用可为空的枚举，不匹配的值将返回 null.

I would be happy with either marking special value as Unknown or using a nullable enum and unmatched value would return null.

推荐答案

您可以使用自定义 JsonConverter 解决此问题.这是我使用来自 Json.Net 的 StringEnumConverter 类中的几部分组合而成的.它应该使您可以灵活地处理任何您决定的事情.以下是它的工作原理:

You can solve this problem with a custom JsonConverter. Here is one I put together using a few pieces from the StringEnumConverter class that comes from Json.Net. It should give you the flexibility to handle things whatever way you decide. Here's how it works:

• 如果在 JSON 中找到的值与枚举匹配(作为字符串或整数)，则使用该值.(如果值为整数并且有多个可能的匹配项，则使用其中的第一个.)
• 否则，如果枚举类型可以为空，则将值设置为空.
• 否则，如果枚举具有称为未知"的值，则使用该值.
• 否则使用枚举的第一个值.

这里是代码.随意更改它以满足您的需求.

Here is the code. Feel free to change it to meet your needs.

class TolerantEnumConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        Type type = IsNullableType(objectType) ? Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(objectType) : objectType;
        return type.IsEnum;
    }

    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        bool isNullable = IsNullableType(objectType);
        Type enumType = isNullable ? Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(objectType) : objectType;

        string[] names = Enum.GetNames(enumType);

        if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.String)
        {
            string enumText = reader.Value.ToString();

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(enumText))
            {
                string match = names
                    .Where(n => string.Equals(n, enumText, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    .FirstOrDefault();

                if (match != null)
                {
                    return Enum.Parse(enumType, match);
                }
            }
        }
        else if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Integer)
        {
            int enumVal = Convert.ToInt32(reader.Value);
            int[] values = (int[])Enum.GetValues(enumType);
            if (values.Contains(enumVal))
            {
                return Enum.Parse(enumType, enumVal.ToString());
            }
        }

        if (!isNullable)
        {
            string defaultName = names
                .Where(n => string.Equals(n, "Unknown", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                .FirstOrDefault();

            if (defaultName == null)
            {
                defaultName = names.First();
            }

            return Enum.Parse(enumType, defaultName);
        }

        return null;
    }

    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        writer.WriteValue(value.ToString());
    }

    private bool IsNullableType(Type t)
    {
        return (t.IsGenericType && t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>));
    }
}

这是一个演示，它使用几个不同的枚举(一个具有未知"值，而另一个没有)使转换器完成其步调:

Here is a demo which puts it the converter through its paces using a couple of different enums (one has an "Unknown" value, and the other does not):

[JsonConverter(typeof(TolerantEnumConverter))]
enum Status
{
    Ready = 1,
    Set = 2,
    Go = 3
}

[JsonConverter(typeof(TolerantEnumConverter))]
enum Color
{
    Red = 1,
    Yellow = 2,
    Green = 3,
    Unknown = 99
}

class Foo
{
    public Status NonNullableStatusWithValidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Status NonNullableStatusWithValidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Status NonNullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Status NonNullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Status NonNullableStatusWithNullValue { get; set; }

    public Status? NullableStatusWithValidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Status? NullableStatusWithValidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Status? NullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Status? NullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Status? NullableStatusWithNullValue { get; set; }

    public Color NonNullableColorWithValidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Color NonNullableColorWithValidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Color NonNullableColorWithInvalidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Color NonNullableColorWithInvalidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Color NonNullableColorWithNullValue { get; set; }

    public Color? NullableColorWithValidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Color? NullableColorWithValidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Color? NullableColorWithInvalidStringValue { get; set; }
    public Color? NullableColorWithInvalidIntValue { get; set; }
    public Color? NullableColorWithNullValue { get; set; }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        string json = @"
        {
            ""NonNullableStatusWithValidStringValue"" : ""Set"",
            ""NonNullableStatusWithValidIntValue"" : 2,
            ""NonNullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue"" : ""Blah"",
            ""NonNullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue"" : 9,
            ""NonNullableStatusWithNullValue"" : null,
            ""NullableStatusWithValidStringValue"" : ""Go"",
            ""NullableStatusWithValidIntValue"" : 3,
            ""NullableStatusWithNullValue"" : null,
            ""NullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue"" : ""Blah"",
            ""NullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue"" : 9,
            ""NonNullableColorWithValidStringValue"" : ""Green"",
            ""NonNullableColorWithValidIntValue"" : 3,
            ""NonNullableColorWithInvalidStringValue"" : ""Blah"",
            ""NonNullableColorWithInvalidIntValue"" : 0,
            ""NonNullableColorWithNullValue"" : null,
            ""NullableColorWithValidStringValue"" : ""Yellow"",
            ""NullableColorWithValidIntValue"" : 2,
            ""NullableColorWithNullValue"" : null,
            ""NullableColorWithInvalidStringValue"" : ""Blah"",
            ""NullableColorWithInvalidIntValue"" : 0,
        }";

        Foo foo = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Foo>(json);
        foreach (PropertyInfo prop in typeof(Foo).GetProperties())
        {
            object val = prop.GetValue(foo, null);
            Console.WriteLine(prop.Name + ": " + 
                             (val == null ? "(null)" : val.ToString()));
        }
    }
}

输出:

NonNullableStatusWithValidStringValue: Set
NonNullableStatusWithValidIntValue: Set
NonNullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue: Ready
NonNullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue: Ready
NonNullableStatusWithNullValue: Ready
NullableStatusWithValidStringValue: Go
NullableStatusWithValidIntValue: Go
NullableStatusWithInvalidStringValue: (null)
NullableStatusWithInvalidIntValue: (null)
NullableStatusWithNullValue: (null)
NonNullableColorWithValidStringValue: Green
NonNullableColorWithValidIntValue: Green
NonNullableColorWithInvalidStringValue: Unknown
NonNullableColorWithInvalidIntValue: Unknown
NonNullableColorWithNullValue: Unknown
NullableColorWithValidStringValue: Yellow
NullableColorWithValidIntValue: Yellow
NullableColorWithInvalidStringValue: (null)
NullableColorWithInvalidIntValue: (null)
NullableColorWithNullValue: (null)

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