使用 Visual C++ 在 Opengl 中创建 3D 球体

问题描述

我无法使用 C++ 中的 OpenGL 库函数 glutSolidSphere() 创建一个简单的 3D 球体.

I am not able to create a simple 3D sphere using the OpenGL library function glutSolidSphere() in C++.

这是我尝试过的:

#include<GL/glu.h> 
void display() 
{ 
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); 
    glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); 
    glLoadIdentity(); 
    glutSolidSphere( 5.0, 20.0, 20.0); 
    glFlush(); 
} 

void myInit() 
{
    glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); 
    glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); 
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); 
    glLoadIdentity(); 
    gluOrtho2D(0.0,499.0,0.0,499.0); 
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); 
} 

void main(int argc,char **argv) 
{ 
    qobj = gluNewQuadric(); 
    glutInit(&argc,argv); 
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB); 
    glutInitWindowSize(500,500); 
    glutCreateWindow("pendulum");         
    glutDisplayFunc(display); 
    myInit(); 
    glutMainLoop(); 
}

推荐答案

在 OpenGL 中，您不创建对象，您只绘制它们.绘制完成后，OpenGL 不再关心您发送的几何图形.

In OpenGL you don't create objects, you just draw them. Once they are drawn, OpenGL no longer cares about what geometry you sent it.

glutSolidSphere 只是向 OpenGL 发送绘图命令.然而，它并没有什么特别之处.而且由于它与 GLUT 相关联，因此我不会使用它.相反，如果您的代码中确实需要一些领域，那么为自己创建 if 怎么样?

glutSolidSphere is just sending drawing commands to OpenGL. However there's nothing special in and about it. And since it's tied to GLUT I'd not use it. Instead, if you really need some sphere in your code, how about create if for yourself?

#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>

// your framework of choice here

class SolidSphere
{
protected:
    std::vector<GLfloat> vertices;
    std::vector<GLfloat> normals;
    std::vector<GLfloat> texcoords;
    std::vector<GLushort> indices;

public:
    SolidSphere(float radius, unsigned int rings, unsigned int sectors)
    {
        float const R = 1./(float)(rings-1);
        float const S = 1./(float)(sectors-1);
        int r, s;

        vertices.resize(rings * sectors * 3);
        normals.resize(rings * sectors * 3);
        texcoords.resize(rings * sectors * 2);
        std::vector<GLfloat>::iterator v = vertices.begin();
        std::vector<GLfloat>::iterator n = normals.begin();
        std::vector<GLfloat>::iterator t = texcoords.begin();
        for(r = 0; r < rings; r++) for(s = 0; s < sectors; s++) {
                float const y = sin( -M_PI_2 + M_PI * r * R );
                float const x = cos(2*M_PI * s * S) * sin( M_PI * r * R );
                float const z = sin(2*M_PI * s * S) * sin( M_PI * r * R );

                *t++ = s*S;
                *t++ = r*R;

                *v++ = x * radius;
                *v++ = y * radius;
                *v++ = z * radius;

                *n++ = x;
                *n++ = y;
                *n++ = z;
        }

        indices.resize(rings * sectors * 4);
        std::vector<GLushort>::iterator i = indices.begin();
        for(r = 0; r < rings; r++) for(s = 0; s < sectors; s++) {
                *i++ = r * sectors + s;
                *i++ = r * sectors + (s+1);
                *i++ = (r+1) * sectors + (s+1);
                *i++ = (r+1) * sectors + s;
        }
    }

    void draw(GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z)
    {
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
        glPushMatrix();
        glTranslatef(x,y,z);

        glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
        glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
        glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

        glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, &vertices[0]);
        glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 0, &normals[0]);
        glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, &texcoords[0]);
        glDrawElements(GL_QUADS, indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, &indices[0]);
        glPopMatrix();
    }
};

SolidSphere sphere(1, 12, 24);

void display()
{
    int const win_width  = …; // retrieve window dimensions from
    int const win_height = …; // framework of choice here
    float const win_aspect = (float)win_width / (float)win_height;

    glViewport(0, 0, win_width, win_height);

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45, win_aspect, 1, 10);

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();

#ifdef DRAW_WIREFRAME
    glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
#endif
    sphere.draw(0, 0, -5);

    swapBuffers();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    // initialize and register your framework of choice here
    return 0;
}

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