std::bind 绑定函数

问题描述

我在检测为什么这不编译时遇到了麻烦.我有一些基于某个参数返回 std::function 的 lambda 函数.

I'm having trouble in detecting why the heck is this not compiling. I've got some lambda function that returns a std::function based on some argument.

我已经将我的问题缩小到这个片段(它不使用 lambdas，但完美地重现了我的错误):

I've narrowed down my problem to this snippet(which doesn't use lambdas, but reproduces my error perfectly):

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>


struct foo {
    template<class T>
    void bar(T data) {
        std::cout << data << "
";
    }
};

void some_fun(const std::function<void(int)> &f) {
    f(12);
}

int main() {
    foo x;
    auto f = std::bind(&foo::bar<int>, x, std::placeholders::_1);
    auto w = std::bind(some_fun, f);
    w();
}

对 w() 的调用产生了那些可爱的 gcc 错误输出之一，我无法弄清楚出了什么问题.这是 gcc 4.6.1 回显的错误:

The call to w() produces one of those lovely gcc error outputs in which I can't figure out what's going wrong. This is the error echoed by gcc 4.6.1:

g++ -std=c++0x    test.cpp   -o test
test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:20:7: error: no match for call to ‘(std::_Bind<void (*(std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (foo::*)(int)>(foo, std::_Placeholder<1>)>))(const std::function<void(int)>&)>) ()’
/usr/include/c++/4.6/functional:1130:11: note: candidates are:
/usr/include/c++/4.6/functional:1201:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) [with _Args = {_Args ...}, _Result = _Result, _Functor = void (*)(const std::function<void(int)>&), _Bound_args = {std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (foo::*)(int)>(foo, std::_Placeholder<1>)>}]
/usr/include/c++/4.6/functional:1215:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const [with _Args = {_Args ...}, _Result = _Result, _Functor = void (*)(const std::function<void(int)>&), _Bound_args = {std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (foo::*)(int)>(foo, std::_Placeholder<1>)>}]
/usr/include/c++/4.6/functional:1229:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}, _Result = _Result, _Functor = void (*)(const std::function<void(int)>&), _Bound_args = {std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (foo::*)(int)>(foo, std::_Placeholder<1>)>}]
/usr/include/c++/4.6/functional:1243:2: note: template<class ... _Args, class _Result> _Result std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::operator()(_Args&& ...) const volatile [with _Args = {_Args ...}, _Result = _Result, _Functor = void (*)(const std::function<void(int)>&), _Bound_args = {std::_Bind<std::_Mem_fn<void (foo::*)(int)>(foo, std::_Placeholder<1>)>}]

这里，f 应该是一些可调用对象，它接受一个 int 作为参数并使用它调用 x.bar(int).另一方面，w 只是一个调用 some_fun(f) 的可调用对象，是 f 上面提到的可调用对象，它具有some_fun 的参数所期望的签名.

Here, f should be some callable object which takes an int as argument and calls x.bar(int) using it. On the other hand, w is just a callable object which calls some_fun(f), being f the callable object mentioned above, which has the signature expected by some_fun's parameter.

我错过了什么吗?我可能不知道如何实际混合 std::bind 和 std::function.

Am I missing something? I probably don't know how to actually mix std::bind and std::function.

推荐答案

std::bind 表达式，就像它们的 boost::bind 前辈一样，支持一种组合操作.w 的表达式大致相当于

std::bind expressions, like their boost::bind predecessors, support a type of composition operation. Your expression for w is roughly equivalent to

auto w=std::bind(some_fun,  std::bind(&foo::bar<int>, x, std::placeholders::_1) );

这种方式的嵌套绑定被解释为

Nesting binds in this manner is interpreted as

1. 计算 x.bar(y) 的值，其中 y 是传递给结果函子的第一个参数.
2. 将结果传递给 some_fun.

1. Calculate the value of x.bar<int>(y) where y is the first parameter passed into the resulting functor.
2. Pass that result into some_fun.

但是 x.bar(y) 返回 void，而不是任何函数类型.这就是无法编译的原因.

But x.bar<int>(y) returns void, not any function type. That's why this doesn't compile.

正如 K-ballo 指出的，使用 boost::bind，您可以使用 boost::protect 解决这个问题.正如 Kerrek SB 和 ildjarn 指出的那样，解决此问题的一种方法是:不要将 auto 用于 f.您不希望 f 具有绑定表达式的类型.如果 f 具有其他类型，则 std::bind 不会尝试应用函数组合规则.例如，你可以给 f 类型 std::function:

As K-ballo points out, with boost::bind, you can fix this problem with boost::protect. As Kerrek SB and ildjarn point out, one way around this issue is: don't use auto for f. You don't want f to have the type of a bind expression. If f has some other type, then std::bind won't attempt to apply the function composition rules. You might, for instance, give f the type std::function<void(int)>:

std::function<void(int)> f = std::bind(&foo::bar<int>, x, std::placeholders::_1);
auto w = std::bind(some_fun, f);

由于 f 字面上没有绑定表达式的类型，std::is_bind_expression<>::value 将在 f<上为假/code> 的类型，因此第二行中的 std::bind 表达式只会逐字传递值，而不是尝试应用函数组合规则.