如何为 Visual Studio 2010 构建 Qt

问题描述

我一直在努力寻找一个如何为在 Visual Studio 2010 中使用 Qt 提供稳定解决方案的方法，因此在收集了所有信息并进行了一些试验和错误之后，我想将我的解决方案写入指南.

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问题，或者为什么不能使用预构建的二进制文件?

似乎在某些特殊情况下使用为 Visual Studio 2008 构建的二进制文件可能会起作用，但我发现它们不起作用.在我的情况下，它们编译正常，但它们会产生运行时错误，如下所示:

或从 Visual Studio 2010 启动时:

更新:我发现了一篇博客文章，分析了为什么它对某些人有效，而对其他人无效.一句话，这取决于你是否在同一台机器上安装了 Visual Studio 2008. 以了解使用或不使用的标志.

configure.exe -release -no-webkit -no-phonon -no-phonon-backend -no-script -no-scripttools -no-qt3support -no-multimedia -no-ltcg

一旦 configure.exe 完成(对我来说是 10 分钟)，您需要开始构建过程.使用上述标志大约需要 20-30 分钟.要启动它，只需输入:

nmake

设置环境变量

基本上，我们完成了.你需要做的就是设置你的环境变量(QTDIR 和 PATH)，它们告诉程序在哪里可以找到 Qt.如果您使用的是 Windows 7，您可以使用以下命令将 QTDIR 设置为您的安装目录.

setx QTDIR e:Qt

对于设置PATH，我强烈建议使用，但我发现它缺少重要信息.

参考文献

<块引用>

Qt DevNet 论坛
极简 Qt 构建的推荐标志
使用 Visual C++ 2010 构建 Qt 4.5
如何将 Qt 编译为静态
Qt 4.8:为 Qt 配置选项
在
中编辑PATH环境变量Windows 没有痛苦 - op111.net

I struggled finding a how-to which provides a stable solution for using Qt with Visual Studio 2010, so after collecting all the bits of information and some trial and error, I would like to write my solution into a guide.

The problem, or why is it not possible to use prebuilt binaries?

It seems that using binaries built for Visual Studio 2008 might work in some special cases, but I found them not to work. In my case they compiled OK, but they produce runtime errors, like this:

or when started from Visual Studio 2010:

Update: I found a blog post analysing why does it work for some people, while it does not for others. In one word, it depends on whether you have Visual Studio 2008 installed on the same machine, or not. http://blog.paulnettleship.com/2010/11/11/troubleshooting-visual-studio-2010-and-qt-4-7-integration/

The most important thing (that I stupidly didn’t realize) was the fact that you CANNOT use the Visual Studio 2008 compiled libraries and dll’s (available on the Qt webpage) if you don’t have Visual Studio 2008 installed. The reason is because the Qt SDK you download is a debug build which is dependant on the VC9.0 DebugCRT, meaning it needs the Visual C++ 2008 Debug Runtime installed, which is NOT available as a redistributable installer. The only way to install the DebugCRT is to install the entirety of Visual Studio 2008.

First of all, it’s very important to understand that for using Qt with Visual Studio 2010, it's not possible to use the pre-built binaries which were made for Visual Studio 2008, but you have to compile it from source.

Downloading Qt

On https://www.qt.io/download/

Update 2017: the latest Qt 4.x branch (Qt 4.8.6) has 2 pre-built packages, which are now in the archive section:

1. http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/4.8/4.8.6/qt-opensource-windows-x86-vs2010-4.8.6.exe
2. http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/4.8/4.8.6/qt-opensource-windows-x86-vs2008-4.8.6.exe

You should not download Qt by clicking "Qt libraries 4.8.6 for Windows (Visual Studio 2008, 218 MB)", but by clicking on the "zip" link above it.

On that link, you get a big zip file like "qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.8.6.zip". Unzip this into a folder and make its path something nice and small, for example "E:Qt"

Visual Studio Command Prompt

Now that we have the sources, we need to build the binaries. To do it, open the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010Visual Studio ToolsVisual Studio Command Prompt (2010) link from your start menu, or even pin it to the taskbar (a good idea). This is a special command prompt which has all the variables set for building with Visual Studio 2010 tools.

Once within the command prompt, navigate to your extracted Qt folder using old-school DOS way, which means you have to change drive letter by E:, enter directories by cd Qt and list dir contents by dir. You can use the tab key for helping you with the directory names. When you have arrived at the correct directory, a dir command should return something like this.

Building Qt

Now it’s time for configure and build. For configuring a minimalist Qt, I'm using the following flags with configure.exe. Just copy and paste it into the command line. Look in the Qt reference manual for what flag to use or not to use.

configure.exe -release -no-webkit -no-phonon -no-phonon-backend -no-script -no-scripttools -no-qt3support -no-multimedia -no-ltcg

Once configure.exe has finished (it was 10 minutes for me), you'll need to start the build process. It will take about 20-30 minutes with the above flags. To start it, just type:

nmake

Setting environment variables

Basically, we are done. All you need to do is to set your environment variables (QTDIR and PATH), which tell programs where to find Qt. If you are on Windows 7, you can use the following command to set QTDIR to your installation dir.

setx QTDIR e:Qt

For setting the PATH, I strongly recommend using Path Editor. Within Path Editor

add the directory of Qtin to your PATH

(it doesn't matter if it's in system path or user path)

If you prefer to use Control PanelSystemEnvironment Variables, then you can set these there, too.

Qt Visual Studio Add-in

Here you go, after a logoff-logon or a restart, all the Qt demo applications should start correctly (I recommend have a look at binqtdemo.exe). Now you can download and install the Visual Studio Add-in (qt-vs-addin-1.1.9.exe) from the Qt download page, it will work perfectly.

Appendix A: Official Instructions:

There is a page at the official wiki at the Qt website called Qt 4.8 Installing Qt for Windows, but I found it lacking important information.

References

Qt DevNet forums
Recommended flags for a minimalistic Qt build
Building Qt 4.5 with Visual C++ 2010
How to compile Qt as static
Qt 4.8: Configure options for Qt
Edit the PATH environment variable in
Windows without pain - op111.net

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